Database systems design, implementation, & management by Carlos Coronel (13th edition)

Chapter 1 - Database Systems

Data consists of raw facts.
Information is the result of processing raw data to reveal it's meaning.

Introducing the database

• End-user data

Raw facts of interest to the end-user.

• Metadata

Data about the data, thorough which the end-user data is integrated and managed.

• Data management

A process that focuses on data collection, storage, and retrieval.

• Database

A shared, integrated computer structure that houses a collection of related data. A database contains two types of data: end-user data and metadata.

• Database management system (DBMS)

The collection of programs that manages the database structure and controls access to the data stored in the database.

Advantages:

• Improved data sharing.
• Improved data structure.
• Better data integration.
• Minimized data inconsistency.
• Improved data access.
• Improved decision-making.
• Increased end-user productivity.

Types of Databases

• Single-user database

Supports only one user at a time.

• Desktop database

A single-user database that runs on a personal computer.

• Multiuser database

A database that supports multiple concurrent users.

• Workgroup database

A multiuser database that usually supports fewer than 50 users or is used for a specific department in an organization.

• Enterprise Database

The overall company data representation which provides support for present and expected future needs.

• Centralized database

A database that is located at a single site.

• Distributed database

A logically related database that is stored in two or more physically independent sites.

• Cloud database

A database that is created and maintained using cloud services, such as Microsoft Azure or Amazon AWS.

• General-purpose database

A database that contains a wide variety of data used in multiple disciplines.

• Discipline-specific database

A database that contains data focused on a specific subject area.

• Operational database

A database designed primarily to support a company’s day-to-day operations. OLTP database, or production database. online transaction processing (OLTP) database

• Analytical database

A database focused primarily on storing historical data and business metrics used for tactical or strategic decision-making.

• Data warehouse

A specialized database that stores historical and aggregated data in a format optimized for decision support.

• Online analytical

processing (OLAP) A set of tools that provide advanced data analysis for retrieving, processing, and modeling data from the data warehouse.

• Business intelligence

A set of tools and processes used to capture, collect, integrate, store, and analyze data to support business decision-making.

• Unstructured data

Data that exists in its original, raw state; that is, in the format in which it was collected.

• Structured data

Data that has been formatted to facilitate storage, use, and information generation.

• Semistructured data

Data that has already been processed to some extent.

• Extensible Markup Language (XML)

A metalanguage that is used to represent and manipulate data elements. Unlike other markup languages, XML permits the manipulation of a document’s data elements.

Chapter 2 - Data Models

Relationships

• One-to-many relationship

• Many-to-many relationship

• One-to-one relationship